The word store refers to memory, as used in a programming language.
The word is common in UK English.
One of the first appearances of the word is in the very influential set of lecture notes Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages by Christopher Strachey. Here is the first occurrence of the word:
One of the characteristic features of computers is that they have a store into which it is possible to put information and from which it can subsequently be recovered. Furthermore the act of inserting an item into the store erases whatever was in that particular area of the store before—in other words the process is one of overwriting. This leads to the assignment command which is a prominent feature of most programming languages.
A basic division may be made along two axes: the what and the where.
The nature of a store is highly dependent on what can be put in it. The set of things that may be put in the store are called storable values (after Christopher Strachey).
The basic division here is the following:
Between these two extremes there are intermediate situations, e.g.
This referes to the way locations are allocated and deallocated. It can pose surprising difficulties.
In some cases the where interacts with the what.
For example, it is difficult to imagine storing a higher-order function in memory without heap allocation.
This point is put forward very convincingly in PFPL (2nd ed, §35).